Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank Of The Philippines

Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank Of The Philippines Republic Act No. 6848, also called The Charter of the Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank of the Philippines traces that the basic role of the Islamic bank is to advance and quicken the financial improvement of the Autonomous Region by performing banking, financing and speculation tasks and to set up and take an interest in rural, business and modern endeavors dependent on the Islamic idea of banking. Notwithstanding permitting the bank to go about as an all inclusive bank fit for offering both ordinary and Islamic financial items and administrations, the Sections No. 10 11 of the contract separately give motivating forces as speculator security, and award the bank the capacity to acknowledge awards and gifts (Congress of the Philippines, 1989). Dimapunong (2006) gives foundation data and analysis on the principles and guidelines administering the Al-Amanah Islamic Bank. An establishing administrator of the bank, the creator likewise expounded on the job of previous representative Mamintal A. Tamanos job in the foundation of the first Philippine Amanah Bank, the antecedent of the current Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank of the Philippines. An uncommon delegate from Muslim Mindanao, the late representative was as far as anyone knows the first to imagine a Muslim bank in the Philippines, when present day Islamic banking was at its early stages. As indicated by the creator, the first PAB was not appropriately Shariah-agreeable driving Ulama guidance to whine about the foundation deluding the general population. By 1988 it had been regarded a total disappointment having just failed (Dimapunong A. A.). Sandra Isnaji (2003) led a SWOT (Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat) examination of the Amanah Bank and recommends a recovery plan for the establishment including imbuements of capital from the legislature so as to dispose of the banks obligation and to put resources into new foundation. Her paper was planned for responding to three inquiries concerning the ambushed banks status: (1) Where are we now? (2) Where would we like to be? what's more, (3) How would we arrive? To that degree, Isnaji took a gander at the territory of Islamic financial industry all in all, the condition of the Philippine budgetary framework, and the condition of the Amanah bank itself. With respect to the Amanah Banks tasks, Isnaji (2003) states that (at the hour of composing) it works on a two-window framework in which it offers both Islamic and traditional money related items and administrations. And keeping in mind that the foundation confronted no opposition from other Islamic banks, it confronted solid rivalry from the countrys customary money related organizations, both formal and casual. Concerning the Philippine financial area, the creator utilized Porters Five Forces system to break down the ABs rivalry inside it. The creator discoveries are as per the following: (1) concerning the bartering intensity of providers: the tight control of the Bangko Sentral bears it high haggling power, to the benefit of state-claimed banks, for example, the Amanah Bank; the dealing intensity of multilateral and two-sided help organizations(USTDA, WB, ADB, JBIC) is high because of their contribution with smaller scale money and improvement banks; the enormous size and sloppy nature of the work division manages it small haggling influence; bartering influence among contributors is profoundly slanted towards the higher salary deciles whos stores represent 88.3% of the reserve funds in banks, with the lower deciles having nor bartering influence. (2) with respect to the dealing intensity of purchasers, the higher salary deciles having a place with the center and privileged societies dwelled and additionally worked together in the National Capital Region (NCR) and request administrations, for example, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦electronic banking, finance administrations, and bill installments.; The force parts of the populace think that its hard to get financing from formal banks because of their circumstance, and in this way don't have a lot of haggling power, yet their sheer numbers offer a possibly huge market. (3) concerning the danger of new participants, any new Islamic banks permitted by the BSP could really profit the Amanah Bank by giving truly necessary perc eivability to the ambushed Philippine Islamic financial division. (4) as to the danger of substitute, eminent options that clients may select are casual money related organizations, bosses that give advance projects, or complete forbearance from banking altogether. Another danger is the surge of capital from the nation. (5) as to competition among existing players, the propensity of banks to be huge will in general lead them to maintain a strategic distance from little borrowers and savers, as such the administration has needed to build up the financial framework to incorporate such foundations as frugality and country banks which take into account the necessities of little borrowers and savers who might some way or another hotel to casual establishments. So as to counter the danger of oligopoly the legislature contends in the budgetary area by means of the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) and the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP). (Isnaji, 2003) As a necessity of the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) obtaining of the Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank of the Philippines (AAIIBP), the Monetary Board of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) required the DBP to present a 5-year restoration plan for the bank. The underlying arrangement, submitted on 23 April 2008, was regarded deficient by the BSP. As such a draft of the updated arrangement was submitted on 18 March 2009. The overhauled arrangement was isolated into four sections: (1) a concise foundation expounding on the establishments legitimate premise, reason, and current circumstance, (2) a synopsis of its marketable strategies, (3) subtleties on the usage of said field-tested strategies, (4) and five-year monetary projections. (Panganiban, 2009) The modified restoration plan of the Amanah Bank bases on 4Rs, explicitly: Recapitalization by means of capital mixtures from the DBP and household and remote financial specialists; this is planned for covering the costs of the banks recovery Rebuilding of money related practicality concentrated on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦aggressive advertising endeavors to present AAIIBPs new items and administrations, liquidation of non-performing resources and the sourcing of unforeseen funds㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ Rearrangement concentrated on working up institutional limit, especially with respect to Sharia consistence; includes hierarchical rebuilding, migration and revamping of bank workplaces, development and computerization. Changes regulation includes fortifying of corporate culture and administration, observing framework, hazard the board and review framework, and audit of item and working manuals. Specific accentuation has been given to the recapitalization technique which would give the assets expected to the next three purposes of the restoration. (Improvement Bank of the Philippines, March 2009) Islamic Banking Chong and Liu (2006) endeavored to decide how unique Islamic banking is from ordinary banking by analyzing Islamic financial practice in Malaysia utilizing the Engle-Granger mistake rectification philosophy. In their examination they find that regardless of being hypothetically extraordinary, by and by Islamic banking in Malaysia isn't altogether different from customary banking. As per their investigation, just an immaterial segment of Islamic bank financing in Malaysia depends on the benefit and-misfortune (PLS) sharing worldview and that Islamic stores are not premium free, yet depend on non-PLS modes that are allowed under Sharia law, however overlook the soul of the usury preclusion. This equals Islamic financial involvement with different nations. The creators infer that Islamic financial practices can't contrast too extraordinarily from ordinary financial practice because of hardened rivalry that makes intrigue free Islamic stores firmly pegged to traditional stores. This end can have suggestions for the brand is Islamic banking, especially concerning its frequently touted non-premium based character. Be that as it may, it likewise has expository and administrative ramifications; the similitude of Islamic financial practices to ordinary financial practices would disentangle the undertaking of both examining and directing Islamic banking. The discoveries of this investigation reflect a previous paper by Movassaghi and Zamans (2002). In it, they endeavor to reconsider the idea of riba considering Islamic law. In that paper they contrast Islamic financial practices and regular financial practices so as to feature that neither every traditional practice are usurious, nor are present day Islamic financial practices essentially not quite the same as those of ordinary banks. They likewise declare that numerous contrasts between the benefit/misfortune sharing worldview of Islamic banking and ordinary premium based just shallow. Notwithstanding inquiries of training, Chong and Lius concentrate additionally posed the inquiry of whether the development of Islamic banking in the course of recent years was because of the similar points of interest of the Islamic financial worldview, or to the Islamic resurgence that started during the 1960s. In light of their discoveries, the creators are slanted to receive the last view. This view is likewise perfect with the discoveries of an investigation refered to by Isnaji (2003), done by the Meezan Bank of Pakistan which recognized a few key achievement factors in the experience of Islamic banks in different nations: (1) in number strict cognizance among the Muslim populace, (2) support from the administration as budgetary framework and positive guidelines, (3) advancement, (4) [increases] in singular riches, and (5) a wide assortment of money related items and administrations. Open Enterprises/Public Enterprise Reform Basu (2005) gives a review of the foundation and idea of open undertaking, featuring the specific experience of India in this issue. recognizing it from the more extensive term open division by receiving the definition embraced by the International Center of Public Enter

How to Sleep Well Essay Example for Free

Step by step instructions to Sleep Well Essay So as to rest soundly we ought to follow three reasons. As a matter of first importance, don’t eat or drink a great deal before sleep time. On the off chance that you drink a lot of fluid before dozing, youll wake up over and over in the night for excursions to the restroom or cause you to wake up more than once. Don’t eat zesty or greasy nourishments since they cause indigestion particularly, don’t eat something that triggers serotonin, which makes you tired. Second, do and dont practice when you have spare time. For instance, on the off chance that you have an inactive occupation, an absence of physical effort might be diminishing the nature of your rest. A day of physical effort, (for example, taking a run or a dip) or, even better, ordinary exercise can make for more profound and increasingly peaceful rest. The best time to practice is toward the evening. Third, Change your dozing position. You may imagine that its difficult to control what position you stay in bed since you arent completely mindful of what you are doing, yet it can have an impressive effect. At the point when you rest, or in the event that you wake up in the center of the night, put forth a cognizant attempt to follow these rules until it gets constant. Keep your body in a mid-line position, where both your head and neck are kept generally straight. Dont utilize a level cushion that makes your head tilt down toward the sleeping pad. Its hard to keep up the mid-line position, and it is bound to cause torments. This will help lighten weight on your back and neck by marginally propping up your body on one side. To summarize, attempt a couple or a blend until you have enough quality rest to feel alarm and very much refreshed.

How to Write a Cinderella Writing Paper

How to Write a Cinderella Writing PaperA Cinderella writing paper is ideal for students looking to take their English writing to a new level. This worksheet offers simple, effective and repetitive exercises that enable students to write from a critical, analytical perspective.In this writing exercise, students are asked to identify the different elements that make up the Cinderella story. They will be required to draw an outline of the story, including the use of props, and provide their own thoughts on the pieces of information they have gained so far. At the end of this Cinderella writing paper, students will be asked to create a summary of the information they have obtained.Students should ask themselves, what makes up the Cinderella story. They should answer each question as best they can, but the easiest way to get to grips with a given question is to consider a variety of possible answers and then write them down using different techniques.The most important thing to remember w hen doing this exercise is to keep your eye on the end result. The more you practice this exercise, the better you will become at it. It is worth asking other students how they did on a given question. Even if you know you have done well, it is still great fun to read out the answers to friends and peers.Writing can be a great challenge but, in terms of completing this writing assignment, it is an extremely important consideration. Although you will get into more detail when you are writing, there is no substitute for simply writing it out. This is very much like going through a book you have been meaning to read - you just have to sit down and start reading.Having a good quality paper or notebook will help you achieve this. The more detail you can find in a piece of writing material, the better you will be able to write.When you begin writing, make sure you set yourself the goal of writing to a standard you can hold yourself to. At this stage you should be confident that you have t he capacity to write a good piece of writing, even if you have not yet mastered the skill.Remember that you cannot succeed in writing unless you commit yourself to this task on a daily basis. You need to think of it as a real job. And with practice, you will be able to write an outstanding Cinderella writing paper.

Struggles for Release - 2198 Words

The two American short stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne both portrays a similar theme. The two protagonists in both short stories suffer mental or emotional torture and was trap in a literary cage. In addition, both characters in the stories meet death in the end, and that death symbolizes their freedom from the world and society that was grasping on to them. A main topic of American short stories that constantly shows up since the earlier years, and is presented throughout history is the emphasis on society and how it creates emotional and mental tortures in an individual, and imparts them with a different perspective of the world. The society that people live in has an†¦show more content†¦During Chopin’s childhood, she experienced the years of the Civil War in St. Louis, and during that time, many â€Å"federal soldiers invaded the privacy of homes and carried off neighbors for incarceration† (Bonner 111). Therefore, Bonner insist that, â€Å"With the war as context, it is easy to see how Chopin the writer could see the violation of home and community as parallels for the violation and restriction of the self in the institution of marriage† (111). Through the writings of Kate Chopin, such as in â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† the readers, especially in modern times learn of the height that the women’s right movement has reached since the 19th century. In addition, modern readers also obtain the knowledge and understand the perspective that women in the 19th century have and what freedom meant for them. As people compare and contrast the differences of the rights women had in the 19th century to the present 21st century, there has definitely been a massive change. Women certainly lost much more freedom in the past rather than today, when they start a marriage and marriage was conceived in a different manner in the past. Though America has gotten very far into the movement of women’s rights and there have been many changes towards freedom that an individual has, these cages that Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† present still somewhat exists in the modern society. Though individuals haveShow MoreRelatedBlue-Collar African American Life in Killer of Sheep by Charles Burnett944 Words   |  4 Pagesdollars (Burnett, Milestone Films). Everything was shot hands-on with life in Watts. This helped to contribute the neo-realism style of the film. The film mostly deals with the life of Stan (Henry G. Sanders), a kind-hearted slaughterhouse worker who struggles to get anywhere in life. The film follows Stan as he goes through day-to-day life. There is no connection major story arch to scenes in the film. It is events as Stan tries to get ahead in life, but he never seems to get anywhere. This idea is solidifiedRead MoreModern Dance, By Miriam Giguere1360 Words   |  6 Pagestec hnique that is still practiced in today’s contemporary style (Mapes, 2013). Focusing on two main principles, contraction and release, Graham’s technique was strikingly different to that of the smooth and graceful ballerina. Ballet was meant to look effortless whilst Graham’s technique showed the effort put into each movement (Mapes, 2013). The technique ‘Contraction and Release’ was based on Graham’s interpretation of the Delsartean principle of ‘Tension and Relaxation’ (Brown, 2011). Using this methodRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States860 Words   |  4 Pageshave the opportunity to take advantage of Federal Aid including continued education, job skill training, employment opportunities and support programs. These programs are designed to lessen the struggle offenders’ face as they reintegrate into society by offering a positive direction upon their release. 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I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.† (foundation). There are very few people in history and present day who are willingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Blacker The Berry And Alright 1704 Words   |  7 PagesTo Pimp a Butterfly was his third studio album release and the best album of 2015 according to many top music critics. Billboard.com, ranks it number one on its list of critics’ picks for the 25 best albums in that year. And just one year after its March 2015 release, the album would become certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The album was highly anticipated by fans and even leaked 24 hours before its scheduled release. At that point, it had been nearly three yearsRead MoreThe Battle Of Tears - Original Writing872 Words   |  4 Pagesthoughts. She wondered if this moment, the one she’d both anticipated and dreaded for decades, would only be remembered in her mind as a battle to maintain decorum. After all, if she gave release to the tide of emotions that roiled precariously beneath the surface, all eyes would certainly be on her. In spite of the struggle, she knew that breaking down was not an option. How could she forgive herself if she caused anything to take the focus away from the beautiful couple preparing to exchange their breathless

President John F. Kennedy - 1206 Words

The date was May 25, 1961 and President John F. Kennedy had gathered together both the United States Senate and the House of Representatives in a special joint session of Congress. His goal was to passionately deliver a dramatic speech stating that by the end of the decade, we will send an American to the moon. Then on September 12, 1961 standing on the grounds of Rice University in Texas, he famously lifted his voice and said: We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are†¦show more content†¦Specifically, this paper will address the following topics: the definition of a group, the roles played within the group, a description of the group member personalities, the intended focus of the group, how the group worked together as a team and the process that was involved, how conflict was resolved, and how the group emerged as a group at the end of the situation. Definition of the Group Within this conflict, the two groups that define the direction of the conflict are: the twelve spies and the angry group of followers. Examining the group of twelve spies which was established by God via Moses, their charge was to investigate the land of Canaan that God was preparing to give to the children of Israel. Specifically, Moses directed the spies to see what the land was like, to see if the people were weak or strong, to identify the population size, to identify the quality of the land, and to describe the state of the cities. Moses further encouraged his leadership team stating â€Å"be of good courage† and bring back a sample of your work, i.e. â€Å"bring some of the fruit of the land† as cited in Numbers chapter 13. Acknowledging the spies charge and dependence upon one another, this group is â€Å"a collection of individuals who are interdependent† given their instructions to collectively investigate the land of Canaan (Johnson and Johnson, 2013 , p. 6). Even more, Moses defined clear goals and expectations for the group of spies. As reflected by

Introduction. Equiano Olaudah A Slave From Eboe Who Became

Introduction Equiano Olaudah a slave from Eboe who became an important figure in the history of slavery, was kidnapped at the age of 11/12 years of age along with his sister from their hometown in the village of Essaka (Benin), a state which is now located in the southern region of Nigeria, West Africa. Born in 1745, in an isolated, but a rich kingdom called Eboe, Olaudah Equiano, commonly known as Gustavus Vassa was born. The youngest boy of seven children, he was a favorite of his mother. His narrative has not only played an important role in the history of slavery, but has also made evident some of the harsh treatment that slaves had faced. He had not only spent more time with his mother, but she also decorated him with insignias worn†¦show more content†¦He was later sold to Robert King, a merchant and Quaker from Philadelphia, who not only taught him many things, but also give him plenty of free time he could to find work at other businesses, earning himself extra cash. By July 10, 1766, Equiano was able to buy his freedom, and establish his own corporation. Equiano did things like, â€Å"Working on commercial vessels and occasional scientific expeditions to Central America and the Arctic regions† (Equiano, 2009). Nevertheless, by 1767 Equiano relocated to England were he started a different profession employed as a hair stylist for affluent Londoners. Later in 1792, he met and married Susanna Cullen, an Englishwoman, and together they had two girls. He died on the 31st day of March in 1797 at the aged of (51–52). What do we learn about the Atlantic slave trade through Equiano’s narrative? Looking at the narrative of Equiano and the many details it portrays, we have learned a lot about the Atlantic slave trade and its effect on Africa, its people and the world. According to the narrative, slaves were not only taken against their will, but were separated from their families, loved ones and friends. They were mistreated, beaten, burned, torture, and punish for trying to escape or being disobedient by their masters. In some cases, the torture and punishments were so severe, that they wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Labor Of Slave Women From The Perspective Of Women1328 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American women. Even though forced labor was the essence of slavery, few have studied the labor of slave women from the perspective of women themselves. The author clarifies and analyzes the meanings that the women bestowed on their labors-meanings that constitute a rich resource of moral value for all who read this book. According to Joan Martin, â€Å"moral agency† for slaves meant autonomy from their masters, but obedience to God. â€Å"Martin moves beyond issues of sorrow and oppression to shed newRead MoreOlaudah Equiano s Influence On African Diaspora History1941 Words   |  8 Pages In 1745, Olaudah Equiano was born in Eboe, which is now Nigeria. When he was about eleven years old, he was kidnapped and sold to slave traders heading to the West Indies. Though he spent a short time in the state of Virginia, much of his time in slavery was spent serving the captains of slave ships and British navy vessels. One of his masters, Henry Pascal, the captain of a British trading vessel, gave him the name Gustavas Vassa, which he hardly used throughout his life. Paul Lovejoy, Canada

Health Standards National Safety and Quality Health Service

Question: Discuss about theHealth Standardsfor National Safety and Quality Health Service. Answer: Introduction: There are ten National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards which have been developed by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC). These are done after properly consulting and also collaborating with technical experts, jurisdictions and different stakeholders as well as patients and healthcare practitioners. They mainly aimed to develop the quality of health service provision to patients and to protect them from different harms and hazards (Kenny et al., 2013). The case study that is provided is based on a 61 year old patient who has undergone a lap cholecystectomy having history of type II diabetes, osteoarthritis and also toes amputation. This patient had been advised with the requirements of the administration of IVABs via a PICC line. Proper monitoring of the wound are also required along with proper measurement of vitals sign assessment and also general educations for the patient. The essay will mainly portray two of the ten standards that were recommended by the above mentioned council that will help the nurse to properly conduct her treatment without resulting in adverse consequences. Body: In case of the patient mentioned, the preliminary healthcare standards that need to be followed is the standard 3 that mainly ponders over the prevention as well as the control of healthcare associated infections. This guideline provides a overview about how antibiotic resistant organism like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and others are gradually becoming more powerful making wound healing more prone to infection. Hence, the standard states that how such organisms are affecting the life of patients in hospitals because the patients are usually treated in close proximity which increases the chance of infection (James et al., 2015). This creates a pressure on workforce due to longer stay of patients and also on resource wastage. If the patient is treated in homes, with proper education to family and relatives, the chance of infection will be far less as hospital acquired infection will be far less. Risk management approach at homes is totally different form hospitals and the policies that need to be followed in hospitals will not be applied in home treatment. Surveillance system will not have to be much rigid as risk of infection gets decreased. A negative aspect is that proper auditing of the performance of the nurses at home may not be properly audited by the organization and therefore compliance rates may not get monitored resulting in loss of quality treatment. Proper action may not be applied against the nurse in this scenario as well which would not have been the case if she was in hospital. Proper education and competency based training may not also be given to the nurse in order to develop her knowledge of invasive devices. The nurse should have to suit up with the patients home environment for disinfections and sterilizations, waste management, laundry and linen transportation, cleaning and also storage technique so that she can provide better care to patient. This may require some time for adapting to the new place which would not have been the case if she was treated in hospital (Hinchcliffe et al., 2014). Another standard that needs to be applied is the standard one which helps to ensure that whether safety and quality in healthcare service organizations are maintained or not (safetyandquality.gov.au, 2017). This standard is mainly proposed based on organizations and its monitoring as it suggests the organization to develop a management system for proper development, implementation and regular review of the policies but this cannot take place in a systematic way in homes. Here the entire responsibility depends on the nurse and therefore depends upon the critical thinking ability of the nurse to manage the safety and quality issues by completely taking into consideration her responsibility (Allen et al., 2014). Herein also the organization will not be able to assess the performance of the nurse and therefore the nurse either have to be very much expertise in her skill and need to have all the knowledge of the standards provide by the council. The steps needed to be taken by the nurse t o practice effectively do not vary with skills as the skills that need to be applied are same in both areas (Hungerford, 2014). Only the proper management, recording of data, incident analysis, feedback provision and others differ in the mode of conductance and varies greatly when conducted in homes in comparison to hospitals. Conclusion: Thereby, from the above essay it is found that two important standard of infection control and practice of safe and quality maintenance can be applied in the home environment. However proper monitoring authority and management system usually remains absent in homes unlike hospitals which thereby increases the risks of treatments done by the nurses as there is no guidance system. It also takes a lot of time for the nurses to adapt to the setting of the home which becomes not an issue in hospitals where she works. Moreover, education needs to be given to family in details as they are the immediate member throughout the day for clean and safety considerations. Reference: Allen, J., Hutchinson, A. M., Brown, R., Livingston, P. M. (2014). Quality care outcomes following transitional care interventions for older people from hospital to home: a systematic review.BMC health services research,14(1), 346. Hinchcliff, R., Greenfield, D., Braithwaite, J. (2014). Is it worth engaging in multi-stakeholder health services research collaborations? Reflections on key benefits, challenges and enabling mechanisms.International journal for quality in health care,26(2), 124-128. Hungerford, C. (2014). Recovery as a model of care? Insights from an Australian case study.Issues in Mental Health Nursing,35(3), 156-164. James, R., Upjohn, L., Cotta, M., Luu, S., Marshall, C., Buising, K., Thursky, K. (2015). Measuring antimicrobial prescribing quality in Australian hospitals: development and evaluation of a national antimicrobial prescribing survey tool.Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,70(6), 1912-1918. Kenny, A., Hyett, N., Sawtell, J., Dickson-Swift, V., Farmer, J., OMeara, P. (2013). Community participation in rural health: a scoping review.BMC Health Services Research,13(1), 64. safetyandquality.gov.au. (2017). National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. [online] Available at: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/NSQHS-Standards-Sept-2012.pdf [Accessed 25 Feb. 2017].

Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello Essay Example

Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello Paper The strong influential themes of race and women in Shakespeare’s Othello are consistently portrayed in Jeoffery Sax’s contemporary film version of Othello, however the themes are greatly contrasted through the influential changes in society which undermine the values and purposes of these themes. The changes in values of these themes are expressed vividly in both accounts. It is evident throughout Shakespeare’s Othello that women are portrayed through the stereotypical stance of having a ‘lower status’ to men, as a males dominate society in nearly all aspects. Women were displayed as being promiscuous, untrustworthy, rash decision makers and generated a lack of intellect or understanding. Women were not respect but rather referred to as props who led less respectable lives to that of men. This is evident through out Shakespeare’s Othello as Desdemona is represented as the typical wife and Emilia is portrayed as the typical female servant. The first evidence of this is demonstrated in Act one where Barbantio, Desdemona’s father speaks out against Othello and Desdemona’s marriage, he expresses the notion of Desdemona being ‘bound to him for life and education’ and he expresses her as his own property and that he must own her until he gives her to a somewhat successful powerful white noble figure. We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This expresses his stereotypical view of women within society and this is highly ironic due to the circumstances in which Desdemona is acting out of the typical character of women by diseaving her father and marrying a highly contrasted figure, being Othello, than her father has desired. The stereotypical circumstance for women in Elizabethan times states that women shall remain virgins until marriage and therefore must give their virginity to their husbands as a way of demonstrating the theory of being bound for life. This coincides with the past interpretation of Barbantio representing women as props and the ability to own them. The symbol of the handkerchief in Shakespeare’s Othello is a symbol of virginity as the handkerchief is dotted with red strawberries, which strongly suggests the bloodstains left on the sheets on a virgin’s wedding night. The handkerchief being a gift from Othello to Desdemona plays a significant role through Igao’s method of manipulation. By questioning Desdemona essence of virginity Iago is able to successfully portray Desdemona as how he feels women should be perceived. â€Å"In Venice they do let God see the pranks they dare not show their husbands. Their best conscience s not to leave’t undone, but keep’t unknown’. By alluding to God Shakespeare is ironically contrasting the purity of virginity to the defilement of promiscuous women. This is alluding to Iago’s consistent reflection of women as promiscuous whores. Othello says to Desdemona â€Å"come my dear love,/ The purchase made, the fruits are to ensue. / The profit’s yet to come ’tween me and you† This metaphorical comment seems to indicate the couple has not yet made their marriage official through the act of sex. The â€Å"purchase† is the wedding and the â€Å"fruits† are the sex. This is ironic for theoretically this implies Othello’s lack of control over Desdemona for he does not yet own her through taking her virginity, this also alludes to the essence of promiscuity as she could have given her virginity to someone like Cassio which adds to Othello’s ability to be manipulated. However the metaphor could be suggesting Othello to already have taken her virginity by suggesting the â€Å"purchase† is Desdemona’s virginity. This could then suggest Othello’s unwillingness to account for his wrongdoing in unleashing her newly awakened sexuality. Emilia’s attitude to the roles of women in Elizabethan is strong and portrays an ironic sense of acting against traditions. Her views are strongly contrasted to that of Desdemona who’s attitude towards her own chasity at the end of the play represents her how males of the time would have expected of a women, however Emila expresses the ideal of looking for happiness else where and she argues that women should have a middle ground, she demonstrates a social stance in that women are humans with needs and desires rather than virgins and whores. She expresses this through the metaphor as man are â€Å"all but stomaches, and we are all but food. /They eat us hungrily, and when they are full, / They belch us† In Jeoffrey Sax’s film version of Othello women are portrayed in a different manner due to the changed in the role of women within society. Women have become more powerful, living lives with proper careers and the ability to choose their lovers for themselves. However similar to that of Elizabethan times women are still portrayed as promiscuous as they have gained the ability to have multiple partners, and it is no longer required to remain a virgin until marriage. The power of men over women however is still evident in the contemporary version and this is demonstrated in the opening silouqy of the film, through a close up shot of a dark male hand over a light female hand. This is a representation of the power of men in society and especially within this particular relationship. The two hands do not contain wedding rings which signify the change in attitude towards marriage, and the relationship between marriage and sex. These two figures are evidently unbound to each other for life but are engaging in sexual physical activities. The ownership of women is subtly expressed through Dessie’s stereotypical views of the power struggle between men and women in relation ships. â€Å"Isn’t that what happens between men and women, the men talk and the women listen† This generalised statement reflects the stereotypical nature of John and Dessie’s relationship and foreshadows the somewhat expected ending tragedy in which John fails to listen to Dessie resulting in her ironic death as a pure trustworthy wife. Through the metaphor â€Å"I am a blank sheet waiting for you to write your name on me† Demonstrates Dessie’s lack of power in the relationship resulting in her death. Dessie’s purity and stereotypical values of innocence within women is contrasted with that of Lulu’s interpretation of women within society. Lulu is far more courageous and promiscuous women when it comes to men and sex, however she is able to foreshadow Othello’s actions through the mere doubt she acquires for men in general. I used to shag people out of sheer politeness† represents Lulu’s ability to sleep with men without being in love with them. This demonstrates the power Lulu acquires to be independent of men as apposed to Dessie who completely gives herself to Othello. The stances in which Dessie and Lulu acquire within the contemporary version are very similar to that of Desdemona and Emilia in Shakespeare’s Othello. Jago in Sax’s version alludes dire ctly to Iago in Shakespeare’s version as his view of women related directly to the view of women in Elizabethen times. Women are the same, they like it more than we think they do†, through the use of sex as a tool for power and manipulation Jago is successfully able to manipulate John’s trust in Dessie by means of the robe as motif representing their sexual desires for one another. The robe is the modern version of the handkerchief as it is a representation of love and sex between John and Dessie, however in the modern version Dessie gives it to John which demonstrates the contemporary changes in values and interpretations of sexual desire. Through Dessie giving it to John and the mere misunderstanding of Dessie also giving to Michael Cass the reoccurring theme of a shift in the power of women is established. The representation of race within Shakespeare’s Othello is demonstrated very early on in the play as the audience is firstly introduced to him by means of conversation between two other parties in which they refer to him as the moor, the moor being someone of black appearance. In the opening scene the negative perception of Othello is portrayed by Iago and Roderigo as they accuse Othello of stealing Barbantio’s daughter. They directly refer to him as a â€Å"thief† and explain â€Å"Your daughter and the Moor , are now making the beasts with two backs† which allows the audience to refer to him as a devil character by directly associating Othello with animalistic qualities. Creating the imagery of Othello acquiring beast like qualities alludes to the prospect of his character enabling such savage qualities as the extremities of abduction and rape. The animalistic qualities are metaphorical for his race by means of a savage Moor. References to animals is evident throughout the play not only when referring to Othello himself, this represents a sense of the laws of nature rather than the laws of society which primarily govern the characters in the play. As the audience is properly introduced to the Moore, the image becomes clear in Othello’s nature of speech that he does not inherit any of the stereotypical characteristics of evil qualities depicted by Iago. In act 1 scene 3 through the use of figurative language the Duke declares quietly to Barbantio â€Å"Your son-in-law is far more fair than black†, this metaphor symbolises the way in which Othello inherits qualities of a white man’s honesty by the dramatic contrast between colours. This is an ironic representation of forshadowing as in the end of the play Othello becomes savage and monstrous as he is consumed by jealousy which contradicts the essence of his fair qualities. Later in the play when Othello starts to undermine Desdemona and his relationship by means of the manipulation tactics of Iago, he draws direct attention to his race â€Å"haply for I am black, and have not those soft parts of conversation that chambers have; or for I am declined into the vale of years – yet that’s not much – she’s gone† This is the first circumstance in which Othello himself has brought direct negative attention to his race, which demonstrates his lacking of confidence in which he so happily acquired at the beginning of the play. Comparing Shakespeare’s Othello to Jeoffery Sax’s film Othello it is obvious the importance of race is far less significant in Elizabethan times, which suggests race has become more of an issue in contemporary times. In Jeoffery Sax’s film Othello the significance of race plays a much more significant role as it seems to create tension within every situation throughout the film. This importance of race is so strong throughout the film and this is evident in the opening silouqy where a close up of a dark male hand is resting over a light female hand. This contrast between the pigments of skin types introduces the recurring theme of inequality within race in modern day society and the role the dark male hand plays within the relationship. Following the opening sililougy the audience is confronted with fast, handheld and diagetic shots of race riots. These shots are highly a contrasted juxtaposition with upper class white society in which the shots are slower and smoother. This suggests further inequality but through creating an image of the black race acting out in the negative sense as savage and uncontrollable. This is similar to the audiences first introduction to the Moore, in which Rodrigo and Iago are referring to him as savage and monstrous. The consistent presence of water within the film acts a recurring symbol or motif in which it represents the yin and yang, meaning opposites as black and white as water is the opposite to fire. This further suggests the consistent battle between black and white men and women in modern society. This relates to values and representations of race from both parties. If I could find any of them with their brains as big as their dicks† suggests the derogatory stereotypical views of black men from a white mans point of view. It symbolises the power of intellect in which the white men claim to have successfully achieved. This statement is highly ironic for during this time in the film John Othello is the only police officer who is using his ‘brain’ and attending to the issues of the street riots in which no other police officer has taken any initiative in resolving. This contradicts this statement through the actions of John Othello being a black police officer. As this statement is announced during a conversation in involving Jago it is interesting as later on in the film Jago declares to John â€Å"You cleaver big black bustard† which is suggesting John as gaining intellect or having a bigger ‘brain’ and therefore being of higher significance and importance. Following this Jago uses direct speech to the audience in which he displays a neurotic fit in which he describes John as a â€Å"patronising ape† the use of animalistic representation is portrayed similar to that of Shakespeare’s version in which it associates John’s race with the actions and qualities of animals through this extended metaphor. John Othello’s approach to the inequality between black and white men and women is suggested from a far less powerful stance in which he suggests his lack of power through his past desire to be white â€Å"Your people brought my people here to work as slaves†¦.. I wanted to be like you, wanted to be white†, this suggests his reclining stance in his pride of his race as he is slowly being extracted of his power. The direct accusation suggests the change in his character to primarily fit the stereotypical characteristics of a black man. This is similar to Shakespeare’s Othello in the evidence of jealousy turning Othello into the savage Moore he so longingly resented. The themes of race and women are strongly displayed in both accounts which suggest the inability of change over time between such different societies; however there are situations which within these themes that suggest a change in attitudes through the extent and position in which these themes are portrayed. The difference in the significance of race from Shakespearian times to modern times reflects the changes in society and how individuals relate to one another through appearance versus reality. The changes in attitudes to women have also changed significantly through the acceptance of women as human beings, enabling them to run their own lives and make their own decisions, the power for women in modern day society has developed so evidently. These as well as the similarities in times are magnificently demonstrated in both accounts.

Pink FLoyd essays

Pink FLoyd essays Music in the 20th century is something that has evolved from early days of jazz and blues music, to Rap, Rs name was arrived at after blues musicians Floyd Council and Pink Anderson. However, this was not the first of the names given to the band. Sigma6 was the first on a list of many names to come for the band. The band had many names at different times such as, The Screaming Abdabs, T-Set, The Meggadeaths, and The Architectural Abdabs, until Syd came up with the name The Pink Floyd Sound, inspired by two jazz artists Pink Anderson, and Floyd Council (pinkfloyd.com). The band had roots in the early 1960s in Cambridge, England where future rock legends Syd Barrett and David Gilmour grew up. The band would generally gather at Barretts house to play in his lavish home, using makeshift instruments to play the tunes of current rock stars; that is up until member Roger Waters blew his college grant money on his first guitar (Povey 8). Now as to the use of the name Pink Floyd, there is much to wonder. Contrary to popular belief, the name did not come from a hallucination Syd Barrett had while using LSD. In his record collection he possessed two records, one by Pink Anderson, master of ragtime, blues and folk, and the other by bluesman Floyd Council, through which he simply combined first and last names to come up with a band name. Other options came up such as Anderson Council, but the group opted for another name (Povey 14). Pink Floyd was born. Getting back to the origin of the groups members is a lengthy issue. Each member had been in other bands before comi...

Asian philosphy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Asian philosphy - Article Example Ideally, establishing the distinctions between these two aspects enhances the understanding that one has pertaining to Asian philosophy. First, Advaita Vedanta philosophy humans have souls in them and despite the fact that humans live distinct lives physically; the souls are usually never separate. Advaita Vedanta philosophy is usually a key pillar in the study of Hinduism in temples and determines individual behaviors among individuals. Samkhya on its part, provides a different school of thought pertaining to Asian philosophy, as it maintains more realistic metaphysical perspective in the view of occurrences. It does this by the combination of the teachings and doctrines of the Sankhya philosophy and the physical practice of yoga and its significance to humans. In better understanding of the Sankhya philosophy works to provide the theory behind understanding the metaphysical reality of the world, while Yoga allows practicing individuals to actually apply in use all the internalized aspects pertaining to the philosophical teachings themselves. In summary, Sankhya can be termed as the motive power of the universe upon which the soul

Valuation of Securities and Cost of Capital Assignment

Valuation of Securities and Cost of Capital - Assignment Example These book values are unreliable because they might be significantly different from the current value of these assets. The values of assets and liabilities are based on past transactions that demonstrate no account of the future prospects. A company's assets can be evaluated on the basis of their market values. Market value of shares can be determined when they are traded on a recognised stock exchange. The share values estimated from the current market price are actual values, however this procedure becomes difficult when the company is unquoted. The market value of shares, which is also known as market capitalisation, is obtained by multiplying a company's total shares in issue with the current market price per share. The current market price of Tesco plc is 384.50p per share and Sainsbury plc is 395.00p per share. Hence, the market capitalisation of Tesco and Sainsbury is 3,007m and 663m respectively (see appendix I). P/E ratio is obtained when current market price per share is divided by earning per share. When the same ratio is inversed and earning per share is dividend by market price per share we get Earnings Yield. ... Earning per share is based on accounting profits and is derived form company's financial statements. Tesco plc and Sainsbury plc's EPS is 20.07p and 3.8p respectively. The P/E ratio for Tesco plc is 19.15 and Sainsbury plc is 103.94 (see appendix II), whereas the Earnings Yield of both these companies is 0.052 and 0.009 respectively (see appendix III). Although Sainsbury plc's P/E ratio 103.94 is much higher than that of the Tesco plc i.e., 19.15, yet the earnings yield of Sainsbury plc is much lower than the Tesco plc. The reason is that Sainsbury's EPS is considerably lower than the Tesco. Sainsbury plc is not more valuable than Tesco plc but shareholders perceive Sainsbury to be more valuable than Tesco, as reflected by the market prices of both the company's shares. Bonus shares are provided to shareholders without any cost as a form of dividend in lieu of cash dividends. The issue of bonus shares to the shareholders does not cause shareholders' ownership to diminish, but it leads to the reduction of EPS and increase in P/E ratio. Tesco plc's EPS before dilutive share options was 20.07p per share and after dilution it decreased to 19.79p per share (annual report 2006, p60). Sainsbury plc's basic and diluted earnings are the same i.e., 3.8p per share because the company has closed all the share-options and share-plans (annual report 2006, p42). In the case of Right issues, companies issue shares at a price less than the one prevailing in the market also known as deep discounting. Such issues involve terms such as 1 for 4 etc. Right issues are used to raise long-term finances for a company for its investment decisions. This sort of share issuance also does not lead to a diminution in shareholder ownership, unless rights options are not

Business Administration Goals Essay Example for Free

Business Administration Goals Essay The world of business is one of the most complex yet interesting fields that an aspiring professional may dwell into. Business can turn a poor man into a tycoon just by venturing to franchise, invent a new device or work for a million-dollar company. Even though business may sometimes scare other individuals, it is also the very reason why others strive hard to be a part of the fast-moving commerce elites. As mentioned, it makes great impact to a person’s life. Hence, not all who took the risk was able to succeed, if business is not administered in the most effective way—it could cost a person a lifetime in paying debts. Conceivably, I belong to the group of aspiring individuals who dreams of having a company that will change lives of other people. Even though I am aware of the risks of petitioning myself to the lives of the privileged, I am whole-heartedly stepping forward to pursue my dream. My sole ambition is to serve the public with grace and wit—make ethical decisions and sustain financial stability—but before all that, I know I must be able to hone myself in becoming one. Success does not happen overnight. It requires determination and the right education to build an empire of assets. My dad is a business man. I grew up knowing that being a businessman means being a leader. It does not necessarily mean that I need to have constituents to lead, but that I need to be decisive. My father always told me that business tycoons who failed in the industry were nothing but greedy individuals who does not know a thing or two in making decisions—the ethical ones. Since then I promised to myself that I will be a leader who knows how to lead well. A person anchored not only with tangible assets but with knowledge. Entering college served as a crossroad for my dreams. I was torn between engineering and business. Most of my friends in high school encouraged me to enroll with engineering courses. For a while I was dumbfounded with the thought that neither of my friends wanted to become leaders of tomorrow—own a construction company per se. But my instinct was racing through my veins, as I turn every magazine that featured the finest business tycoons in the country, my heart pounded. I then knew I wanted to be like them. It was a field that I grew up with and it will be what I shall pursue. I had my degree in business administration. The goal that made me pursue my dream was a manifestation of my confidence. The training that I have received inside the walls of the classroom and off to the real world brought out the entrepreneur in me. During my academic years, my mentors taught me how to manage a business entity—the aptitude in solving problems which are based on the comprehension of tools, concepts, and theories of functional business disciplines. Aside from that, it is through education that I acquired the capability to excel functional borders, fusing and integrating information to create multifaceted, short-term decisions with limited data. Education has served me well in honing myself in becoming a capitalist of the 21st century. It was through commencing and conducting researches and divulge in competitive analysis that I was able to apply the strategies that I learnt. I realized that environmental scanning is necessary for long-term strategic decisions. To effectively harness and utilize the dawning of technology and employ such in the most deliberate manner was a mean of keeping one’s game alive. Competition is tight in the business arena. Each player must be prepared and must have forecasting methods to stay in the game. My goal is to enrich my knowledge on these fields which I know are beneficial for my future career. Every individual have a set of goals. Mine only happens not only to be a goal but also a dream that I have long wished to hold a grasp of. I want to improve the knowledge and skills that I have acquired in my tertiary years. I humbly believe that there is more to learn. Given the fact that I am determined to run a company that will provide employment for the underprivileged, I know I need to be equipped with the capacity to balance finances and be armed with managerial skills. In the light, I am optimistic that I will succeed. Every single lesson will help me in the future and possibly help others. I do not only wish to keep the knowledge that I have for myself but I also intend to share these with other aspirants—to help the next generation in raising the economy of the country. Globalization has expanded the face of business in the society. I consider every country an asset as new ordeals shall be discovered. Thus to be able to handle this massive weight of transactions I must learn the twists of every nation’s economy and become skilled at risk management. I am preparing myself for the worst. As mentioned earlier, anything can happen. Although quite on the contrary, I envision myself breaking boundaries. My goal now is to defy the trend of risk-taking; that given the efficient strategies, a blooming entrepreneur will not fail. Individuals who still believe in the necessity of the discipline of business administration to address real world, value laden issues would gain a foothold and began the long climb back to a place in the sun. As modularity becomes an established way of doing business, competition among fresh and old dogs in business will intensify. Nevertheless the society will look for the best-performing or lowest cost goods and services, spurring these increasingly sophisticated and independent suppliers into a race for innovation. The world is full of possibilities, they say. Therefore there is a spark of hope in the goals I have set. I may sound too idealistic in this sense but I am looking on the bright side. I will make my parents proud. I will reach my goals—no matter how tough the ride gets.

growaw Unfulfilled Edna Pontellier of Kate Chopins The Awakening Ess

Unfulfilled Edna of The Awakening  Ã‚   As evidenced in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, and other novels of the 1800’s, women writers of this period seem to feel very repressed. Leonce Pontellier seemed to be fond of his wife, and treated her as one would treat a loved pet. In the beginning of the story it describes him as looking at her as a â€Å"valuable piece of personal property†. He does not value her fully as a human being more as a piece of property. However, he expects her to be everything he thinks she should be. Her children also expect total sacrifice from her. She obviously feels unfulfilled in life and inadequate in many facets. She does not feel like an artist, she does not feel like a satisfied wife or mother. Since she does not feel like she has an actual life, that is why it is easy to kill herself. It is at the end when she views the sea as the rolling,endless meadow that the sees a life without constrictions. She finally feels free and at peace. The Awakening is an emotionally unsatisfying story. It is the story of a women, Edna, who tries unsuccessfull...

Natural Phenomena

Veronika Gyurjyan Professor Bachman English 28 4 February 2010 Natural Phenomena Henry David Thoreau was against of survival. Rather than purposefully living, the majority of people’s lives are little more than a series of reactions to everything. Most people survive today, thinking that they will live their actual living tomorrow. He was going to discover the life around him, bringing his life into the harmonious accord with all the movements around him. In 1845, July 4, he decided to move and reside at Walden Pond, which is located in Concord, Massachusetts about 18 miles northwest of Boston. Living in Walden for two years, Henry David Thoreau wrote the book Walden or Life in the Woods, summarizing his experience, his living in Walden, far away from society. Live life rather than let life live you. Certain individuals might think that we are living life just because we are alive. To Henry David Thoreau (philosopher and creative artist), living life was living a natural life that the majority of people are not living. Natural life means reawaking and expanding the human’s awareness, observing and discovering something that exists in science, which is more than unusual and difficult to understand. Discovering and reawaking something hidden is similar to giving a life to something that already exists, adding more imagination and creativeness. Walden by Henry David Thoreau is an American classic. The book is part personal declaration of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery. Was Henry a hermit? I think he choose to isolate himself from society to gain more objectiveness about life. The whole project was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, such as existing above or beyond human knowledge or understanding, a central theme of the American Romantic period. In his first and largest chapter, â€Å"Economy†, he outlines his project, â€Å"A two-year and two-months stay at the cozy tightly shingled cottage in the woods near Walden Pond. † I think that separation from the civilization gives a chance to reanalyze the entire life. Living in Walden was productive for Thoreau. In the chapter â€Å"Where I lived and what I lived for† chapter he describes how he was writing every day. And that time in Walden was his most productive as a writer. Another important purpose of his separation from society was realizing an importance and beneficial effect of solitude. â€Å"I never found the companion that was as companionable as solitude. †(Thoreau 177). Walden emphasizes the importance of solitude and closeness to nature. Walden is not an environmental book. It is about one man’s attempt to find the principles by which the life is a proper life. â€Å"Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Thoreau 132). Henry Thoreau was enjoying every given morning, accepting is as a gift from nature. That was his chance to be closer to innocence. â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swatch and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world†¦.. (Thoreau 135). Thoreau wanted to get the most from his life by determining what was really important, and he did that by removing himself somewhat from the normal life of Concord, MA in the 1840’s. One side of this was economical; he reduced his material needs by living simply, so that he would not have to spend much time supporting a lifestyle that he did not need or care about. The other side was spiritual, not unlike the spiritual retreats of eastern and western religions. He liked it so much that he lived in his cabin for more than two years, and came back with a great story. He worked on this story for several years after leaving the pond, until it became Walden as we know it today. By writing a Walden, Henry Thoreau gave a life to those two years and two months he spent in the woods. He dedicated his life to the exploration of nature, not as a backdrop of human activity, but as living. He was divinely conscious of the enthusiasm of Nature, the emotion of the rhythms and the harmony of her solitude. In Nature Henry found an analogy to the Transcendentalism. He did not study the Nature; otherwise it could make him dogmatic. He loved Nature. â€Å"WHO nearer Nature’s life would truly come Must nearest come to him of whom I speak; He all kinds knew,—the vocal and the dumb; Masterful in genius was he, and unique, Patient, sagacious, tender, frolicsome. This Concord Pan would oft his whistle take, And forth from wood and fen, field, hill, and lake, Trooping around him in their several guise, The shy inhabitants their haunts forsake: Then he, like ? op, man would satirize, Hold up the image wild to clearest view Of undiscerning manhood’s puzzled eyes, And mocking say, â€Å"Lo! mirrors here for you: Be true as these, if ye would be more wise. † Works Cited Book: Henry, Thoreau. Walden. Penguin Classics, 1985. Web Site: Amos Bronson Alcott. American Transcendentalism Web. 21 January. 2010

Definition and Examples of Hasty Generalizations

A hasty generalization is a  fallacy in which a conclusion that is reached is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence. Its also called an  insufficient sample, a converse accident, a faulty generalization, a biased generalization, jumping to a conclusion,  secundum quid, and a  neglect of qualifications. Author Robert B. Parker illustrates the concept via an excerpt from his novel Sixkill: It was a rainy day in Harvard Square, so the foot traffic through the atrium from Mass Ave to Mount Auburn Street was heavier than it might have been if the sun were out. A lot of people were carrying umbrellas, which most of them furled inside. I had always thought that Cambridge, in the vicinity of Harvard, might have had the most umbrellas per capita of any place in the world. People used them when it snowed. In my childhood, in Laramie, Wyoming, we used to think people who carried umbrellas were sissies. It was almost certainly a  hasty generalization, but I had never encountered a hard  argument  against it. A Too-Small Sample Size By definition, an  argument  based on a hasty generalization always proceeds from the particular to the general. It takes a small sample and tries to extrapolate an idea about that sample and apply it to a larger population, and it doesnt work.  T. Edward Damer explains: It is not uncommon for an arguer to draw a conclusion or generalization based on only a few instances of a phenomenon. In fact, a generalization is often drawn from a single piece of supporting data, an act that might be described as committing  the fallacy of the lonely fact....Some areas of inquiry have quite sophisticated guidelines for determining the sufficiency of a sample, such as in voter preference samples or television viewing samples. In many areas, however, there are no such guidelines to assist us in determining what would be sufficient grounds for the truth of a particular conclusion.—From Attacking Faulty Reasoning, 4th ed. Wadsworth, 2001 Generalizations as a whole, hasty or not, are problematic at best. Even so, a large sample size wont always get you off the hook. The sample youre looking to generalize needs to be representative of the population as a whole, and it should be random. For  example, the polls  leading up to the 2016  presidential election missed segments of the population who eventually came out to vote for Donald Trump and thus underestimated his supporters and their potential impact on the election. Pollsters knew the race would be close, however, by not having a representative sample to generalize the outcome, they got it wrong.   Ethical Ramifications Stereotypes come about from trying to make generalizations about people or groups of them. Doing it is at best a minefield and at worst, has ethical considerations. Julia T. Wood explains: A hasty generalization is a broad claim based on too-limited evidence. It is unethical to assert a broad claim when you have only anecdotal or isolated evidence or instances. Consider two examples of hasty generalizations based on inadequate data: Three congressional representatives have had affairs. Therefore, members of Congress are adulterers. An environmental group illegally blocked loggers and workers at a nuclear plant. Therefore, environmentalists are radicals who take the law into their own hands. In each case, the conclusion is based on limited evidence. In each case the conclusion is hasty and fallacious.—From Communication in Our Lives, 6th ed. Wadsworth, 2012 Critical Thinking Is Key Overall, to avoid making, spreading, or believing hasty generalizations, take a step back, analyze the opinion, and consider the source. If a statement comes from a biased source, then the point of view behind it needs to inform your understanding of the stated opinion, as it gives it context. To find the truth, look for evidence both supporting and opposing a statement because, as the adage says, there are two sides to every story—and the truth often lies somewhere in the middle.